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Pepsi Mom He Did It Again

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Soft drink by PepsiCo

Pepsi
Pepsi logo (2014).svg
2019-04-21 21 38 17 A 20 ounce bottle of Pepsi in the Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg

Canteen of Pepsi
Type Cola
Manufacturer PepsiCo
Country of origin United States
Introduced 1893; 129 years agone  (1893) (as Brad's Potable)
1898; 124 years ago  (1898) (as Pepsi-Cola)
1961; 61 years agone  (1961) (as Pepsi)
Color Caramel E-150d
Variants Diet Pepsi
Pepsi Twist
Pepsi Lime
Pepsi Wild Cherry
Crystal Pepsi
Caffeine-Free Pepsi
Pepsi-Cola Fabricated with Real Sugar
Pepsi Vanilla
Pepsi Zero Sugar
Pepsi Max
Nitro Pepsi
Related products Coca-Cola
RC Cola
Website www.pepsi.com

Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by PepsiCo. Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad'southward Drink, it was renamed every bit Pepsi-Cola in 1898, and then shortened to Pepsi in 1961.

History

The chemist's shop of Caleb Bradham, with a Pepsi dispenser

A plaque at 256 Middle Street, New Bern, NC

Pepsi was starting time introduced as "Brad's Beverage"[one] in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the potable was sold.

It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898, "Pepsi" because information technology was advertised to save dyspepsia[2] [1] [3] (indigestion) and "Cola" referring to the cola season.[three] Some have also suggested that "Pepsi" may take been a reference to the drink aiding digestion like the digestive enzyme pepsin,[4] [3] merely pepsin itself was never used equally an ingredient to Pepsi-Cola.[ane]

The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla.[1] Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and heave energy.[1]

The original stylized Pepsi-Cola wordmark used from 1898 until 1905.

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That yr, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi, describing it equally "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The advertising theme "Delicious and Healthful" was then used over the next 2 decades.[5]

A 1919 newspaper ad for Pepsi-Cola

In 1923, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered defalcation—in large role due to financial losses incurred past speculating on the wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a effect of Earth War I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark.[1] Megargel was unsuccessful in efforts to find funding to revive the brand and soon Pepsi-Cola's assets were purchased by Charles Guth, the president of Loft, Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that independent soda fountains. He sought to supersede Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after The Coca-Cola Company refused to give him additional discounts on syrup. Guth so had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula.[6]

On three occasions betwixt 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Visitor was offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola Company, which information technology declined on each occasion.[7]

Growth in popularity

During the Peachy Depression, Pepsi gained popularity post-obit the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce canteen. Prior to that, Pepsi and Coca-Cola sold their drinks in vi.v-ounce servings for about $0.05 a bottle.[ commendation needed ] With a radio advertisement campaign featuring the popular jingle "Nickel, Nickel" – first recorded by the Tune Twisters in 1940 – Pepsi encouraged price-conscious consumers to double the volume their nickels could purchase.[8] [9] The jingle is arranged in a mode that loops, creating a never-ending melody:

"Pepsi-Cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the beverage for you."[10]

Coming at a time of economic crisis, the entrada succeeded in boosting Pepsi'southward condition. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola'south profits doubled.[11]

The stylized Pepsi-Cola wordmark used from 1940 to 1950. It was reintroduced in 2014.

Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Processed business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft'southward finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, and so ensued, with the instance reaching the Delaware Supreme Courtroom and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth.

Marketing

The Pepsi logo used from 1973 to 1987. From 1987 to 1991, the logo was the same, but with the wordmark in Handel Gothic.[12] This logo was used for Pepsi Throwback until 2014.

The Pepsi globe and wordmark used from 1992 to 2003. The wordmark has been separated from the globe, italicized and made much larger (written vertically on cans) but is nevertheless in Handel Gothic.

The Pepsi logo used from 2008 to 2014. The Pepsi earth is now two-dimensional again, and the red, white, and blue design has been changed to expect similar a smile.

From the 1930s through the late 1950s, "Pepsi-Cola Hits The Spot" was the nearly usually used slogan in the days of old-time radio, classic move pictures and early days of television.[thirteen] Its jingle (conceived in the days when Pepsi cost just five cents) was used in many different forms with different lyrics. With the rise of radio, Pepsi-Cola utilized the services of a young, up-and-coming actress named Polly Bergen to promote products, oftentimes, lending her singing talents to the classic "...Hits The Spot" jingle.

Film actress Joan Crawford, afterward marrying Pepsi-Cola president Alfred North. Steele became a spokesperson for Pepsi, appearing in commercials, idiot box specials, and televised beauty pageants on behalf of the visitor. Crawford also had images of the soft beverage placed prominently in several of her later films. When Steele died in 1959, Crawford was appointed to the Board of Directors of Pepsi-Cola, a position she held until 1973, although she was not a lath member of the larger PepsiCo, created in 1965.[14]

Pepsi has been featured in several films, including Back to the Future (1985), Abode Alone (1990), Wayne's World (1992), Fight Guild (1999), World War Z (2013), and in films directed past Spike Lee.[xv] [xvi]

In 1992, the Pepsi Number Fever marketing campaign in the Philippines accidentally distributed 800,000 winning bottle caps for a one million peso grand prize, leading to riots and the deaths of 5 people.[17]

In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy.[18] "Projection Bluish" was launched in several international markets outside the United States in April.[18] The launch included extravagant publicity stunts, such as a Concorde plane painted in blue colors (which was endemic past Air France) and a banner on the Mir space station.

The Project Blue design was start tested in the United states in June 1997, and was released worldwide in 1998 to celebrate Pepsi's 100th anniversary.[nineteen] It was at this point, the logo began to be referred to as the Pepsi Earth.[20]

In October 2008, Pepsi appear that it would redesign its logo and re-brand many of its products past early 2009.[21] [22] In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for proper noun brands. The make'south bluish and red globe trademark became a series of "smiles," with the fundamental white band arcing at dissimilar angles depending on the product until 2010. Pepsi released this logo in U.Due south. in late 2008, and later information technology was released in 2009 in Canada (the first country exterior of the United States for Pepsi's new logo), Brazil, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Republic of costa rica, Panama, Chile, Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and Australia. In the rest of the world, the new logo was released in 2010. The erstwhile logo is still used in several international markets, and has been phased out virtually recently in France and Mexico.

Niche marketing

Walter Mack was named the new president of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported progressive causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using advertizing for a full general audience either ignored African Americans or used indigenous stereotypes in portraying blacks. Upwards until the 1940s, the total revenue potential of what was called "the Negro market" was largely ignored by white-owned manufacturers in the U.S.[23] Mack realized that blacks were an untapped niche market place and that Pepsi stood to gain market share by targeting its advertizement directly towards them.[24] To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertisement executive "from the Negro newspaper field"[25] to lead an all-blackness sales team, which had to exist cut due to the onset of World War II.

A 1940s advertizing specifically targeting African Americans, an untapped niche market that was largely ignored by white-owned manufacturers in the U.South. A young Ron Brown is the boy reaching for a bottle.

In 1947, Walter Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying blackness Americans in a positive calorie-free, such as ane with a smiling mother belongings a 6 pack of Pepsi while her son (a young Ron Brownish, who grew up to be Secretary of Commerce)[26] reaches upward for one. Another ad campaign, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunche and lensman Gordon Parks.

Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of blacks effectually the land to promote Pepsi. Racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were however in place throughout much of the U.S.; Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a outcome,[25] from insults by Pepsi co-workers to threats by the Ku Klux Klan.[26] On the other hand, it was able to use its anti-racism opinion every bit a selling indicate, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of The Coca-Cola Company for segregationist governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge.[24] As a event, Pepsi's market share equally compared to Coca-Cola's shot up dramatically in the 1950s with African American soft-drink consumers three times more likely to purchase Pepsi over Coke.[27] Afterwards the sales team visited Chicago, Pepsi'southward share in the metropolis overtook that of Coke for the showtime time.[24]

Announcer Stephanie Capparell interviewed half dozen men who were on the team in the late 1940s. The squad members had a grueling schedule, working seven days a week, morning and dark, for weeks on stop. They visited bottlers, churches, ladies groups, schools, college campuses, YMCAs, community centers, insurance conventions, teacher and doctor conferences, and various civic organizations. They got famous jazzmen such as Knuckles Ellington and Lionel Hampton to promote Pepsi from the stage. No group was likewise small or also big to target for a promotion.[28]

Pepsi advertisements avoided the stereotypical images common in the major media that depicted Aunt Jemimas and Uncle Bens, whose function was to depict a smile from white customers. Instead, it portrayed black customers equally cocky-confident middle-class citizens who showed very skilful taste in their soft drinks. They were economical too, as Pepsi bottles were twice the size.[29]

This focus on the market place for black people acquired some consternation inside the visitor and among its affiliates. It did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear white customers would exist pushed abroad.[24] In a national meeting, Mack tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, proverb "We don't want it to become known every bit a nigger drinkable."[30] Later Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded and it was cut.[23]

Boyd was replaced in 1952 past Harvey C. Russell Jr., who was notable for his marketing campaigns towards black youth in New Orleans. These campaigns, held at locales attended largely by black children, would encourage children to collect Pepsi bottle caps, which they could then substitution for rewards. One example is Pepsi'due south 1954 "Pepsi Day at the Beach" upshot, where New Orleans children could ride rides at an amusement park in substitution for Pepsi bottle caps. By the stop of the result, 125,000 bottle caps been nerveless. According to The Pepsi Cola World, the New Orleans entrada was a success; once people's supply of bottle caps ran out, the only way they could become more than was to buy more Pepsi.[31]

Rivalry with Coca-Cola

According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market place. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that more than consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi to Coca-Cola. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation. This became known as the "cola wars".

In 1985, The Coca-Cola Visitor, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola chop-chop reintroducing the original formula every bit "Coca-Cola Archetype".

In 1989, Billy Joel mentioned the rivalry betwixt the two companies in the song "Nosotros Didn't Kickoff the Fire". The line "Rock & Roller Cola Wars" refers to Pepsi and Coke's usage of various musicians in advertising campaigns. Coke used Paula Abdul, while Pepsi used Michael Jackson. Both companies then competed to get other musicians to advertise its beverages.

Co-ordinate to Beverage Digest 's 2008 report on carbonated soft drinks, PepsiCo's U.South. market share is 30.8 percent, while The Coca-Cola Company'southward is 42.7 percentage.[32] Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi in most parts of the U.S., notable exceptions being primal Appalachia, Due north Dakota, and Utah. In the urban center of Buffalo, New York, Pepsi outsells Coca-Cola by a ii-to-one margin.[33]

Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in virtually all areas of the world. Even so, exceptions include: Sultanate of oman, India, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, and Northern Ontario.[34]

Pepsi had long been the drink of French-Canadians, and it continues to concord its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product.[35] PepsiCo introduced the Quebec slogan "here, information technology's Pepsi" (Ici, c'est Pepsi) in response to Coca-Cola ads proclaiming "Around the world, it's Coke" (Partout dans le monde, c'est Coke).

As of 2012, Pepsi is the third most pop carbonated drink in India, with a 15% market share, behind Sprite and Thums Upward. In comparison, Coca-Cola is the fourth most popular carbonated beverage, occupying a mere 8.8% of the Indian market share.[36] Past almost accounts, Coca-Cola was Bharat's leading soft drink until 1977, when it left India because of the new strange exchange laws which mandated majority shareholding in companies to be held by Indian shareholders. The Coca-Cola Company was unwilling to dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Substitution Regulation Act (FERA), thus sharing its formula with an entity in which it did not have majority shareholding. In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to Republic of india by creating a articulation venture with the Punjab regime-endemic Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas Bharat Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the employ of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of Republic of india's Liberalization policy.[37]

Pepsi bottles in Soviet menses fashion in supermarket in Kyiv, Ukraine

In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market place share than Coke, but it was undercut one time the Cold War concluded. In 1972, PepsiCo struck a barter agreement with the then authorities of the Soviet Spousal relationship, in which PepsiCo was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi.[38] [39] This exchange led to Pepsi being the kickoff foreign product sanctioned for sale in the Soviet Union.[40]

Reminiscent of the way that Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like "cocacolonization", Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term "Pepsi-stroika" began actualization as a pun on "perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev.[41] Critics viewed the policy as an effort to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, equally one of the beginning American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. This was reflected in Russian author Victor Pelevin's book Generation P.

In 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Matrimony, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. As it came to be associated with the new system and Pepsi with the old, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to reach. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percentage, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent.[42]

Pepsi was introduced in Romania in 1966, during the early on liberalization policies of Nicolae Ceaușescu, opening upwardly a factory at Constanța in 1967. This was done as a barter agreement similar to the one in the USSR, however, Romanian wine would be sold in the United States instead. The product quickly became popular, peculiarly amidst young people, but due to the thrift measures imposed in the 1980s, the product became scarce and rare to find. Starting from 1991, PepsiCo entered the new Romanian market economy, and still maintains a bigger popularity than its competitor, Coca-Cola, introduced in Romania in 1992, despite heavy competition during the 1990s (one-time between 2000 and 2005, Pepsi overtook Coca-Cola in sales in Romania).[43]

Pepsi did not sell soft drinks in Israel until 1991. Many Israelis and some American Jewish organizations attributed Pepsi'due south previous reluctance to aggrandize operations in Israel to fears of an Arab cold-shoulder. Pepsi, which has a large and lucrative business in the Arab earth, denied that, proverb that economic, rather than political, reasons kept it out of Israel.[44]

Pepsiman

Pepsiman is an official Pepsi mascot from Pepsi'southward Japanese corporate branch, created sometime around the mid-1990s.[45] Pepsiman took on iii different outfits, each one representing the electric current way of the Pepsi can in distribution.[ citation needed ] Twelve commercials were created featuring the character. His office in the advertisements is to appear with Pepsi to thirsty people or people craving soda.[46] Pepsiman happens to appear at merely the right time with the product. After delivering the beverage, sometimes Pepsiman would encounter a hard and action-oriented situation which would event in injury. Pepsiman is mostly silent, and he has no confront except for a hole that opens upwards whenever he delivers a Pepsi.[47] Some other more minor mascot, Pepsiwoman, also featured in a few of her ain commercials for Pepsi Twist; her appearance is basically a female Pepsiman wearing a lemon-shaped balaclava.[ commendation needed ]

In 1994, Sega-AM2 released the Sega Saturn version of its arcade fighting game Fighting Vipers.[48] In this game, Pepsiman was included as a special character, with his specialty listed as being the ability to "quench one's thirst." He does not appear in whatsoever other version or sequel. In 1999, Kid developed a video game for the PlayStation entitled Pepsiman. As the titular grapheme, the thespian runs "on rails" (forced motion on a scrolling linear path), skateboards, rolls, and stumbles through diverse areas, avoiding dangers and collecting cans of Pepsi, all while trying to reach a thirsty person equally in the commercials.[49] [50] [51]

Pepsi has official sponsorship deals with the National Football League, National Hockey League, and National Basketball game Association.[52] [53] [54] It was the sponsor of Major League Soccer until December 2015 and Major League Baseball until April 2017, both leagues signing deals with Coca-Cola.[55] [56] From 1999 to 2020, Pepsi also had the naming rights to the Pepsi Centre, an indoor sports and entertainment facility in Denver, Colorado, until the venue'southward new naming rights were appear on October 22, 2020.[57] In 1997, after his sponsorship with Coca-Cola ended, retired NASCAR Sprint Cup Serial driver turned Fox NASCAR journalist Jeff Gordon signed a long-term contract with Pepsi, and he drives with the Pepsi logos on his machine with various paint schemes for nearly ii races each twelvemonth, normally a darker pigment scheme during nighttime races. Pepsi has remained as one of his sponsors ever since. Pepsi has likewise sponsored the NFL Rookie of the Year award since 2002.[58]

Pepsi has the showtime global sponsorship deals with the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League starting in the 2015–xvi flavour along with the sister brand, Pepsi Max and became the global sponsor of the competition.[59]

Pepsi likewise has sponsorship deals in international cricket teams.[60] The Pakistani national cricket team is one of the teams that the brand sponsors.[60] The team wears the Pepsi logo on the front of their exam and ODI test match clothing.

The Buffalo Bisons, an American Hockey League team, was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola in its later on years; the team adopted the beverage'due south crimson, white, and blueish color scheme forth with a modification of the Pepsi logo (with the discussion "Buffalo" in place of the Pepsi-Cola wordmark). The Bisons ceased operations in 1970, making way for the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL.

Pepsi besides has a big partnership with the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League and are the official sponsor of the Carolina Hurricanes' omnibus, the "Pepsi Caniac Coach" and the team'south entertainment team, the "Canes Crew."

In 2017, Pepsi was the jersey sponsor of the Papua New Guinea national basketball game team.

Ingredients

Nutrition facts
Serving size 12 fl oz (355 ml)
Servings per container 1
Corporeality per serving
Calories 150[61] Calories from fat 0
% Daily value*
Total fat 0 g 0%
   Saturated fat 0 chiliad 0%
Trans fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg 0%
Sodium 15 mg 1%
Potassium 0 mg 0%
Total saccharide 41 k xiv%
   Dietary fiber 0 k 0%
   Sugars 41 k
Protein 0 g
Vitamin A 0%      Vitamin C 0%
Calcium 0%      Iron 0%
*Pct daily values are based on a 2,000‑calorie nutrition. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs.

In the United states of america, Pepsi is made with carbonated h2o, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acrid, and natural flavors.[62] A can of Pepsi (12 fl ounces) has 41 grams of carbohydrates (all from sugars), 30 mg of sodium, 0 grams of fat, 0 grams of protein, 38 mg of caffeine, and 150 calories.[63] [64] Pepsi has 10 more calories and two more grams of sugar and carbohydrates than Coca-Cola.[65] Caffeine-Free Pepsi contains the same ingredients just without the caffeine.

Variants

Fictional drinks

Pepsi Perfect: A vitamin-enriched Pepsi variation in special canteen shown in the movie Back to the Future Part Ii in scenes set in the year 2015. This was afterwards released equally a express-edition drink.[66] Simply 6,500 bottles were bachelor for $20.15, they have since been sold for hundreds of dollars on eBay.[67]

Encounter also

  • Pepsi spokespeople
  • Pepsi Max Big One (roller coaster)
  • Pepsi Orange Streak (roller coaster)
  • Pepsi Python (roller coaster)
  • Pepsi Billion Dollar Sweepstakes
  • Mount Dew
  • AMP Free energy
  • Citrus Smash

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f The History of the Birthplace of Pepsi-Cola. Pepsistore.com. Retrieved on February 4, 2012.
  2. ^ Vincent Tompkins; Judith Baughman; James W. Hipp (1994). American Decades: 1900-1909. Gale Research. ISBN978-0-8103-5722-8. Pepsi derives its name from the ailment it was advertised to relieve: dyspepsia.
  3. ^ a b c Tristan Donovan (November 1, 2013). Fizz: How Soda Shook Up the Earth. Chicago Review Printing. p. 72. ISBN978-1-61374-725-4. The cola part of the name was an obvious nod to the cola flavor of the drink, whil the word Pepsi referred to his goal of making an indigestion-easing beverage. Whether the wor Pepsi came from the digestive enzyme pepsin or dyspesia [...] or both isn't known.
  4. ^ Stoddard (Feb 28, 2011). Encyclopedia of Pepsi-Cola Collectibles. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 15. ISBN978-1-4402-2535-2.
  5. ^ "Pepsi – FAQs". PepsiCo. Archived from the original on May half dozen, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2009. 1909: Automobile racing pioneer Barney Oldfield becomes the commencement celebrity to endorse Pepsi when he appears in newspaper ads describing Pepsi: "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The theme "Delicious and Healthful" appears and will be used intermittently over the side by side two decades.
  6. ^ "Guth v. Loft (Del. 1939) [Pepsi]". h2o.law.harvard.edu . Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  7. ^ Mark Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Bones Books. pp. 192–193. ISBN0-465-05468-4.
  8. ^ Marketing, Baer Performance (July i, 2011). "Flashback Friday- "Nickel Nickel"". Baer Performance Marketing . Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  9. ^ "Pepsi-Cola Advert Through the Years". adage.com. July twenty, 1998. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  10. ^ "1939 Radio Commercial (Twice as Much for a Nickel)". Archived from the original on June xv, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  11. ^ Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. "Coca-Cola at Home". Retrieved June 17, 2006.
  12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April xv, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ Cantankerous, Mary (2002). A Century of American Icons: 100 Products and Slogans from the 20th-Century Consumer Civilisation. Greenwood Press. pp. 103–105. ISBN978-0313314810 . Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  14. ^ "LA Times: Joan Crawford Appointed to Pepsi Lath". Joancrawfordbest.com. May 7, 1959. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
  15. ^ Bricken, Rob (March seven, 2013). "20 Lies Back to the Futurity Two Told Us (Besides the Hoverboard)". Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  16. ^ Leigh, Stephen (September 15, 2011). "The Worst Movie Production Placements Of All Time". Archived from the original on May eight, 2015. Retrieved May five, 2015.
  17. ^ Drogin, Bob (July 26, 1993). "Pepsi-Cola Uncaps A Lottery Nightmare -- Bombings, Threats Follow Contest With Too Many Winners". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  18. ^ a b Reuters (April iii, 1996). "THE MEDIA Business organization: Advertizing;Pepsi Introduces a New LookFor Its International Markets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September thirty, 2020.
  19. ^ "Pepsi launches lavish 'blue' campaign". UPI . Retrieved September thirty, 2020.
  20. ^ "The history of the Pepsi logo". 99designs. February 12, 2020. Retrieved November xxx, 2020.
  21. ^ Breathtaking:Design Strategy (PDF) (Report). Arnell Grouping. August eight, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
  22. ^ Edwards, Jim (February ten, 2009). "Pepsi's Nonsensical Logo Redesign Document: $1 1000000 for This?". CBS News . Retrieved fourteen June 2021.
  23. ^ a b "How Pepsi Opened Door to Diversity". Wall Street Periodical. January 9, 2016.
  24. ^ a b c d Martin, Douglas (May 6, 2007). "Edward F. Boyd Dies at 92; Marketed Pepsi to Blacks". The New York Times . Retrieved May 5, 2007.
  25. ^ a b Archer, Michelle (Jan 22, 2007). "Pepsi'due south challenge in 1940s: Color barrier". U.s.a. Today . Retrieved May 7, 2007.
  26. ^ a b Stewart, Jocelyn Y. (May 5, 2007). "Edward Boyd, 92; Pepsi ad man broke color barriers". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Baronial 12, 2012.
  27. ^ Brian D. Behnken, Gregory D. Smithers (2015). "Racism in American Popular Media: From Aunt Jemima to the Frito Bandito". p. 34. ABC-CLIO
  28. ^ Stephanie Capparell, "How Pepsi Opened Door to Multifariousness." CHANGE 63 (2007): 1-26 online.
  29. ^ Stephanie Capparell, The Existent Pepsi Claiming: The Inspirational Story of Breaking the Color Barrier in American Business (2007).
  30. ^ Smiley, Tavis (February 27, 2007). "Edward Boyd". PBS. Archived from the original (interview) on September 29, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2007.
  31. ^ Weems Jr., Robert E. (February 1998). Desegregating the dollar: African American consumerism in the twentieth century. New York Academy Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN0-8147-9290-ane.
  32. ^ "Special Outcome: Pinnacle-x CSD Results for 2008" Archived Apr 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Beverage Digest, March 30, 2009 (PDF)
  33. ^ "History of Pepsi vs. Coke Rivalry at Rivals4Ever". Rivals4ever.com. Archived from the original on Nov 27, 2011. Retrieved Dec 10, 2011.
  34. ^ Vive la divergence, Strategy Magazine, October 2004
  35. ^ "The Pepsi 'Meunier' Campaign" (PDF). Canadian Ad Success Stories (Cassies) Case Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2007. Retrieved Baronial 21, 2007.
  36. ^ The peak v sodas in India by market share, Euromonitor International via Bloomberg, June 26, 2012 Archived November 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "Bharat: Soft Drinks, Difficult Cases" Archived February three, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, The H2o Dossier, March 14, 2005
  38. ^ Robert Laing (March 28, 2006). "Pepsi's comeback, Office II". Mail & Guardian online. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
  39. ^ Coke Vs. Pepsi Archived January 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Free-Essays.us. Retrieved on Feb iv, 2012.
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Bibliography

  • Potable Globe Magazine, January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi — The First 100 Years"
  • Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi-Cola – 100 Years (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, California
  • "History & Milestones" (1996), Pepsi packet
  • Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House, Publishers, New York

External links

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Pepsi Gallery – Pepsi Promotional site at the Wayback Automobile (archived January 15, 2007)
  • Official Pepsi page on PepsiCo United kingdom & Ireland

woodstren2002.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi

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